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Commands

• Unix and Linux commands
• awk – Pick columns, filter rows, sum and report
• cd – Change and show the current directory
• chmod – Change file and directory permissions
• chown – Change the owner and group of files
• cp – Copy files and directories
• crontab – Schedule commands to run at set times
• curl – Download files, call APIs and test HTTP servers
• cut – Cut out columns or characters from each line
• df – Show free space on file systems
• diff – Compare files line by line and create patches
• dig – Query DNS: A, MX, TXT and other records
• du – Show how much space directories use
• find – Find files by name, size, age, owner or type
• grep – Search files and output for lines matching a pattern
• gzip – Compress and decompress files (gzip, xz, zstd, bzip2)
• ip – Show and change IP addresses, interfaces and routes
• journalctl – Read and filter system and service logs
• kill – Stop processes and send them signals
• less – Read long files and output page by page
• ln – Create symbolic and hard links
• ls – List files and directories
• man – Read manual pages and find the right command
• mkdir – Create directories
• mount – Mount and unmount disks, USB sticks and network shares
• mv – Move or rename files and directories
• ps – List running processes
• rm – Delete files and directories
• rsync – Copy and synchronise files locally or over SSH
• sed – Find and replace text, edit files from the command line
• sort – Sort lines alphabetically, numerically or by column
• ss – Show listening ports and network connections
• ssh – Log in to remote machines, copy files and tunnel securely
• sudo – Run commands as root or another user
• systemctl – Start, stop, enable and inspect services
• tail – Show the last lines of a file and follow logs live
• tar – Create, list and extract .tar, .tar.gz and .tar.xz archives
• tmux – Keep sessions running after you disconnect; split the terminal
• top – Watch CPU, memory and processes live
• uniq – Remove or count repeated lines
• useradd – Create, change and remove user accounts and groups
• vi – Edit files with the vi / vim editor
• wc – Count lines, words and bytes
• xargs – Run a command on each item from input, in batches or in parallel

Tutorials

• Free Unix and Linux tutorials
• Unix primer: getting started with the Unix and Linux command line
• Shell scripting tutorial: write safe bash and POSIX sh scripts
• Linux runlevels and systemd targets explained
• Boot Linux from a USB stick or DVD: live systems and installers
• Dual boot Linux and Windows safely
• Set up a LAMP server on Debian or Ubuntu (Apache, MariaDB, PHP)
• Windows vs Linux: differences that matter in 2026
• Programming on Unix: C, C++, Perl, Python, shell and more
• What is CGI? The Common Gateway Interface explained
• Perl basics: a quick introduction for Unix users
• PHP introduction: the basics of PHP on a Unix server
• HTML codes and basics: tags, character entities and a page template
• Basic introduction to JavaScript
• Java tutorials: getting started with Java on Linux
• SQL tutorials: learn SQL with MariaDB, PostgreSQL and SQLite
• Web hosting and domain names: a practical guide

Security

• Unix and Linux security: a practical hardening guide
• Unix & Linux security checklist
• Unix account security: users, passwords, sudo and SSH keys
• Unix network security: services, firewalls, SSH, NFS and DNS
• Unix file system security: permissions, SUID, umask and mount options
• Unix security testing: audit your own servers with free tools
• Unix & Linux security websites and advisories
• Unix and Linux books: security and system administration

Unix help

• Unix help: the Unix flavours today and where to get help
• AIX Unix: IBM AIX help, commands and current versions
• HP-UX: HP Unix help, end of support and migration
• Sun Solaris: Oracle Solaris 11.4 help and commands
• IRIX: Silicon Graphics Unix, its history and running it today
• DG/UX: Data General Unix, history and legacy systems
• Digital UNIX and Tru64 UNIX: history and legacy Alpha systems
• Unix for PCs: Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD and other free Unix systems
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server: versions, lifecycle and administration
• Linux and Unix training and certification
• Unix software: essential open-source tools for administrators
• Unix hardware vendors: servers and computers for Unix and Linux

Veritas / InfoScale

• Veritas Cluster Server and InfoScale help
• Veritas product overview: InfoScale, VCS, VxVM and VxFS
• Veritas Cluster Server overview: how VCS works
• Veritas Cluster install: planning and installing InfoScale
• Veritas Cluster debugging tips: when VCS will not start or fail over
• Testing Veritas clusters: a failover test plan
• Veritas Volume Manager (VxVM) overview and commands
• Veritas File System (VxFS) overview and commands

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